Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) is a communication protocol used by GSM cellular networks to send text between a mobile phone and an application program in the network. It is often referred to as “Quick Codes” or “Feature codes”. USSD is unique in that it can create a real-time connection during a session, which allows for two-way communication of data, making it faster than services that use SMS.
Here’s how USSD works:
1. A user dials a USSD code (e.g., *123#) on their mobile device.
2. The request is sent to the mobile operator’s USSD gateway.
3. The gateway forwards the request to the appropriate USSD application server.
4. The server processes the request and sends back a response, which is displayed on the user’s device.
5. This session can continue with further exchanges until the user or the application ends it.
Practical USSD use cases include:
• Mobile Banking: Users can check balances, transfer funds, or pay bills.
• Airtime Top-Up: Customers can recharge their phone credit.
• Menu-Based Information Services: Access to news, weather updates, or sports scores.
• Interactive Voice Response (IVR): For customer service centers to provide automated support.
• Location-Based Services: Finding nearby services or facilities.
• Mobile-Money Services: For making payments or sending money to others.
• Health and Educational Information: Accessing vital information without the need for internet data.
Benefits of USSD:
• Accessibility: It works on any GSM mobile phone, no internet required.
• Speed: Real-time communication allows for quick transactions.
• Convenience: Users can access various services anytime and anywhere.
Challenges of USSD:
• Session Time-Out: Sessions can time out if not completed promptly.
• Limited User Interface: The text-based nature of USSD may limit the amount of information that can be displayed at once.
• Security: As with any mobile service, there are potential security risks, especially in mobile banking.