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Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a concept to decouple network functions from proprietary hardware so they can run as software on standardized hardware and make the network more flexible by minimizing dependence on hardware. NFV is a central concept in 5G technology because 5G must provide considerably higher network capacity, enable massive device connectivity with reduced latency and cost, and achieve considerable energy savings compared to existing wireless technologies.
In 5G networks, NFV will enable a network to be separated into multiple virtual networks that can support various types of services for the specific customer and vertical industries. These virtual networks are called network slices and they will be isolated from one another, so the subscriber experience will be the same as if it was a physically separate network. Network slicing will allow 5G networks to offer customized services with different performance requirements, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC).
NFV will also enhance 5G radio access networks' functional, architectural, and commercial viability, including increased automation, operational agility, and reduced capital expenditure. NFV will leverage standard IT virtualization technology to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume servers, switches and storage, which could be located in Datacenters, Network Nodes and in the end-user premises. NFV will also use network overlay and SDN technologies to implement network functions such as CoMP, D2D communication, and ultra densified networks.
To summarize, NFV is relevant for 5G networks because it will enable:
• Network flexibility and scalability by decoupling network functions from hardware
• Network customization and optimization by creating network slices for different services
• Network efficiency and cost-effectiveness by using standard IT virtualization and automation technologies