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The 4G core network, also known as the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), consists of several key nodes that work together to manage data and voice traffic. Here's a brief description of each:
1. MME (Mobility Management Entity): This is responsible for signaling related to mobility and management of user equipment (UE).It handles location tracking, authentication, and UE reachability.
2. SGW (Serving Gateway): The SGW manages user data sessions, including routing, forwarding, and buffering of user data. It acts as a mobility anchor during handovers between eNodeBs.
3. PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway): The PGW connects the LTE network to external packet data networks, such as the internet. It assigns IP addresses to UEs and manages quality of service (QoS).
4. HSS (Home Subscriber Server): The HSS is a database that stores subscriber-related information, including user profiles and subscription data. It provides authentication and authorization for network access.
5. PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function): This node defines and enforces policies related to QoS for user data. It also manages charging rules for data usage.
6. eNodeB (Evolved NodeB): The eNodeB serves as the base station that communicates with UE. It manages radio resources and provides connectivity to the EPC.
These nodes are interconnected through various interfaces that carry control plane and user plane traffic, ensuring seamless communication and data transfer within the network.