WDM network signal flow practical example
– client traffic can be SDH , SONET , Ethernet , ATM ,…
– Transponder , muxponder or even flexponder can be used for client traffic transformation
– optical multiplexers and demultiplexers can be 40 , 48 or even more depending on vendor types used to efficiently combine and distribute the client channels
– G652 , G655 or G652 D can be used as a fiber standards
– 3 types of amplifiers can be used based on application scenario and location ( booster , pre , inline )
– OADM can be FOADM , ROADM or TOADM
– 2 types of mangment signal scenarios are available:
1- OSC ( optical supervisory channel )
– separate board and fiber cable used to transmit and receive the mangment signal over 1511 / 1490 nm
– allow redundancy and high availability
2- ESC ( electrical supervisory channel )
– used to transmit and receive mangment through GCC bytes inside the OTN frame layers using transponder card
– provide cost efficiency, less redundancy
