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JavaScript is a cross-platform, object-oriented scripting language that can make webpages interactive and dynamic. It can also be used for server-side programming with frameworks like Node.js. JavaScript is a weakly typed language (dynamically typed), which means you don't have to declare the types of variables, classes, and methods. JavaScript has a standard library of objects, such as Array, Date, and Math, and a core set of language elements, such as operators, control structures, and statements. JavaScript can be extended with additional objects and features for different purposes, such as manipulating the browser and its Document Object Model (DOM), communicating with a database, or performing file operations on a server.
JavaScript is not the same as Java. They are different in many ways, such as syntax, typing, compilation, and execution. JavaScript was invented by Brendan Eich in 1995, and became an ECMA standard in 1997. ECMA-262 is the official name of the standard. ECMAScript is the official name of the language.